Guide

Checking a PDF to CSV conversion before you trust it

Updated

Extraction rarely fails loudly. It produces a file that opens, looks like a table and is wrong in a few places, which is considerably more dangerous than an error message.

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Question 1

Open the PDF and try to select a line of text. What happens?

This one test separates the three fundamentally different cases, and it takes five seconds. Everything downstream depends on the answer.

Count the rows

Against the source, including any that wrapped onto a second line in the PDF. Wrapped rows becoming two records is the most common single defect.

Where a table runs across pages, check that repeated header rows have not arrived as data in the middle of the file.

Count the fields per row

Almost every whitespace-aligned table defect shows up as a row with fewer fields than the rest, caused by a value wide enough to close the gap between two columns.

Sorting by field count, or filtering for rows that do not match, finds them in seconds and is the highest-value single check on this page.

Check that numbers are numbers

A column that sorts alphabetically is a column of text. Currency symbols, thousands separators and trailing spaces all cause it.

Sum the numeric columns and compare against any total in the source. This catches both the type problem and the missing row problem at once.

Check the first row and the last

The header may have arrived as data. The last row may be a total masquerading as a transaction, or may be missing entirely because of an off-by-one in a range.

Both ends fail more often than the middle, and both are checked by looking.

Spot check five records from the middle

Against the original, by eye. Chosen from the middle, because the beginning is what was visible while the settings were chosen.

Five records takes two minutes and is the only check that catches reading-order errors, which are complete, plausible and in the wrong sequence.

Have a lot of these, or one that will not behave?

Tell us what the documents are and how many. Data extraction suppliers who handle that kind of file will contact you directly.

Next: where to reach you.

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One selection test, and you know the route

What happens when you select the text, what the data looks like, and whether it is personal. Three answers.

Sources

This site's own datasets, every figure quoted from its source and dated:

  • The Converter File Handling carries 14 published figures read from 11 sources' own pages; the 11 published figures given without a breakdown run from 7 to 90 day, read 11 November 2026.
  • The PDF to CSV Converter Index carries 36 published figures read from 30 sources' own pages; the 30 published figures given without a breakdown run from 5 to 1,500 USD (43 sources publish a figure), read 11 November 2026.
  1. gov.uk, publishing accessible documents
  2. UK GDPR Article 28, processor (legislation.gov.uk)
  3. UK GDPR Article 5, principles relating to processing (legislation.gov.uk)
  4. UK GDPR Article 32, security of processing (legislation.gov.uk)
  5. ICO, UK GDPR guidance and resources
  6. gov.uk, accessibility requirements for public sector websites and apps
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